DIAGNOSIS

Chest X-Ray :

It is usually the first imaging test used to diagnosed lung cancer. This test done if lung cancer is suspected. this test help to detect abnormal lung masses or changes in the lungs, but it is less detailed than a CT Scan test. Most lung tumors appear on X-Rays as white grey mass. They cannot give definitive diagnosis because they cannot distinguish between the lung cancer and other conditions. If X-Rays show suspicious area, further test like CT scans and Biopsies are needed to confirm the diagnosis.

CT Scan ( Computed Tomography Scan ) :

It is most commonly used imaging test for diagnosing lung cancer. It provides detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs using a computer and X-Rays. The Scan is painless and usually takes about 10-30 minutes. A contrast dye is often injected into the body before the scan, to improve image clarity. CT Scans are more sensitive than X-Rays and are often the first step in detecting lung abnormalities. They helps identifying size, shape, and position of the lung tumors and determining whether the cancer has spread to nearby cells.

Biopsy :

Biopsy is the one of the most definitive method to confirm lung cancer. The procedure involves collecting small tissue sample from the suspected tumor using different methods such as Needle biopsy can be performed by using a needle through the chest wall, Bronchoscopy (using a thin tube through airways), or Surgical biopsy. The sample is then analyzed in a pathology lab under a microscope to detect cancerous cells. Result of this method are also help to determining the type and stages of lung cancers. 

Sputum Cytology :

Sputum cytology involves examining mucus coughed up from the lungs under a microscope to detect cancer cells. it is useful for diagnosing centrally located lung cancers, but it is less reliable than a biopsy or imaging tests.